Most of the recent specialist literature underlines the development of precarious employment in OECD countries since the 1980s and the fact that labour market entrants have been disproportionately affected (Esping-Andersen, 1999, Vives et al., 2010, Porthé et al., 2010, Frade/Darmon, 2005). A vast body of literature on the school-to-work transition already exists.
Most studies have focused on the difference between systems that promote vocational training, especially the dual system of apprenticeship, and those that promote general skills (Dieckhoff, 2008, Allmendinger, 1989, Buchmann,2002). The school-to-work transition is smoother in countries with occupation-specific credentialing systems, such as Germany, Austria, Denmark and Switzerland, than in countries that promote general skills (Wolbers, 2007, Bertschy et al., 2008, Breen, 2005, Korpi et al., 2003, Scherer, 2005). Inthelatter,thenumberofjobchangesishigheratthebeginningof the work career (Quintini/Manfredi, 2009).
The aim of this article is not to analyse all possible transitions between education, unemployment, precarious employment and stable employment, but to focus on one specific situation that young workers (20 to 34 years old) may be more likely to face than more experienced workers, namely precarious employment, and on some of its causes and consequences, in particular unemployment and working poverty.
Author(s): Eric Crettaz
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